Cherries are trees or shrubs of small size, with crowns mostly domed or more or less ovate, similar to the crowns of cherry trees. Cherry trees live approx 25-30 lat, and climatic factors do not affect their lifespan to the same extent as in the case of cherries. They are much more resistant to low temperatures. In general, cherries bloom a few days later than cherries. They succeed in all types of soil, except wet and very dry soils, and in every position, especially when they are vaccinated on the antigin. Wild cherries grow in Poland throughout the country. Among them there are various quite valuable local forms – for example. known as glasses, juices – bearing small but tasty fruit. These cherries are reproduced without grafting by root suckers, that appear around older trees. A negative feature is the development of numerous root suckers each year, which must be removed. The selection of varieties for employee allotment and home gardens includes three North Star varieties, Basement 16 and Lutowka.
North Star is an American variety, resistant to frost (both shoots, as well as flower buds). It is the most resistant to diseases, especially for fine leaf blotch and Monilia laxa. It needs very little space, because the trees grow poorly and form small, very distinctive crowns, shiny leaves. It begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting and bears fruit abundantly.
It is a self-pollinating variety with medium-sized fruit – 3-5 g, spherical, dark red. The flesh is tight, dark red, sour, dark red juice. The fruits ripen in early July.
Basement 16 is a new Danish variety. The trees grow moderately fast, start bearing fruit early, very regularly and profusely. She is quite disease resistant, spring frosts and rains during the flowering period. It produces medium-sized fruit, broad ovate, slightly flattened, light-cherry color. The flesh is dark red, strict, not very sour, aromatic. The juice is bloody. The fruits ripen in the first half of July. They are perfect for direct consumption and for preserves.
Lutówka is the latest and most valuable variety among the three. Very popular due to its reliable fruiting from the second year after planting. The tree grows moderately fast (grafted on cherries) or weak (for the antiphon) It creates a quite rare crown, spherical, with branches or directed more upwards – on the cherries, be spreading sideways – for the antiphon. Characteristic donuts, blunt ended. Self-pollinating variety. The tree is frost resistant, but not much for Moniliosis and fine leaf spot. Therefore, it must be sprayed, especially in wet summers, I am a contributor (0,1%), the first time right after flowering, then you need to spray them every 14 days 2 the 3 times. It grows well in lighter soils, with favorable water conditions – wrong on clayey, heavy, too humid or with a groundwater level above 180 cm and in deep sandy soils. It produces large fruit, sometimes very large, 5-7 g, spherical or heart-shaped, with a rounded tip. Dark cherry-brown skin, slightly lighter along the seam, shining, strong. The flesh is tight, dark red, sour, dark red juice. The fruits ripen in late July or early August.
The above selection does not take into account the varieties of cherries with red fruits, but about colorless juice, the so-called. glasses. The most common ones in our country are: Early glass, Early Prin, Montmorency and Short Stemmed.
The Early Glass is a native variety multiplied by suckers, like many other local cherries. The tree grows vigorously, forming very dense, spherical crown. It bears fruit every year and abundantly. It is a self-pollinating variety. It produces medium-sized fruit, 3,5-4,5 g, spherical, flattened at the poles, light red in color. The flesh is creamy yellow, soft, juicy, sour, refreshing, many – colorless. The fruits ripen in late June. The mature ones can stay on the tree for some time, because with time they acquire better and better taste.
Early of Prin is a French variety. The tree grows vigorously, creating a wide conical crown, spherical over the years, medium thickened. A non-pollinated variety. It produces large or medium-sized fruit, 4-6 g, spherical, flattened at the poles, with an initially red skin, translucent, then dark cherry, shining. Red flesh, lighter veined, very juicy, sour-sweet, very tasty. The fruits ripen in the second half of June.
Montmorency and Short Sled are French varieties, self-pollinating. The trees are growing vigorously, creating a large crown, dense, wide area, lower branches are prone to sagging. The short stem is not prone to sagging. They produce medium-sized fruit, 4-5 g, spherical, flattened at both poles. Light red to reddish skin, shining, thin, easily separates from the flesh. Creamy flesh, soft, slightly fibrous, very juicy, sour with a slight bitterness, with a sharp taste, refreshing, well off the stone. Colorless juice. Fruits ripen predominantly in the second decade of July, while in short-stemmed – usually in the first half of this month.